Den mislykkede kampen mot terrorism

Af Kåre Willoch
Förre ledaren av det konservativa partiet och statsminister i Norge

19 november 2003

Aviser i flere land har nylig brakt flere store annonser mot selvmordsbombere. De vil neppe hjelpe. Man bør heller angripe årsakene til denne fryktelige formen for krig.

Det er sammenheng mellom militær avmakt overfor urett, og bruk av terror. Atomvåpnene er en del av en parts knusende overmakt i Midtøsten. Vesten vil – med gode grunner – hindre at flere land i Midtøsten får slike. Men USA av-viser kritikk mot Israels atomvåpen. Om det har lederen for den arabiske liga, Amr Moussa, sagt at “dette er en dob-beltmoral som vil ødelegge kampen mot terrorismen.”

Noen håper at kampen mot dem som stod bak angrep-ene mot USA 11. september 2001, og fjerningen av Saddam Husseins terrorregime i Irak, kan gjøre slutt på slik brutal vold. Men, sier den tidl-ig-ere sjefen for Israels sikkerhets-tjeneste, Ami Ayalon; “De som ønsker “seier” over terror uten å angripe de underliggende frustra-sjoner ønsker en krig uten ende.” Om disse frustra-sjoner sa Pakistans president Pervez Musharaff på terrorkonferansen i New York i sptember i år: Muslimer føler at deres krav blir over-sett, noe som fører til en følelse av mismot. Dette er en direkte årsak til selvmords-bomb-ere og terror”.

Disse ord minner om Bill Clintons uttalelse at “I en verden hvor det ikke er mulig for oss å okkupere, fengsle eller beseire enhver som måtte ønske å gjøre oss ille, trenger vi å arbeide hardere for å få en verden med flere venner og færre terrorister” (Aftenposten 03.11.2003). Meningsmålinger viser at dette har lykkes dårlig. Andelen av befolkningen som har en fordelaktig oppfatning av USA har i de to siste år sunket fra 61% til 15% i Indonesia og fra 52% til 15% i Tyrkia.

Det er sagt at hvis man dreper to av ti terrorister, vil man ifølge israelsk logikk ha 8 igjen. Ifølge palestinsk logikk vil det nye antallet bli 12. Dette forklarer at Israels forsvarssjef Moshe Yalon nylig uttalte at Israels harde politikk overfor palestinerne virker mot sin hensikt ved at den styrker ekstremistene på pale-stinsk side …. i strid med Israels strategiske interesser. (Aftenposten 31.10.-2003)

Dette stemmer med det som Thomas L. Friedman skrev i New York Times allerede 3. april 2002: “Det som Osama Bin Laden ikke fikk til den 11. septem-ber slippes nå løs ved konflikten mellom Israel og palestinerne; “a clash of civilizations” “. Men skal man lykkes med å hindre større ulykker, må man også merke seg Paul Krugmans ord at ” USA vil tape kampen mot terrorismen hvis amerikanerne ikke anstrenger seg for å forstå hvorledes andre tenker” (IHT 29.10.03).

Som eksempel på holdninger som kan skjerpe motsetninger kan nevnes en uttalelse av en kjent norsk kristenleder, som nok er representativ for meningsfeller i mange land. Han skriver at ” Det har også til fulle gått slik Gud gjennom sin engel og gjen-nom Rebekka forkynte for verden. Det arabiske folk har vært et vill-asen som alltid har vært i konflikt, både inn-byrdes og i forhold til andre etiske grupper. Særlig har de stått i motsetning til det jødiske folk. ” (Kjell Furnes i “Ordet og Israel” (nr. 3 – 2003).

Andre kan man mene at Vestens folk, som har ført historiens blodigste kriger seg imellom, og brukt verden som slagmark, ikke bør betrakte arabere som mer “vill-asen” enn seg selv. Og det var jo ikke arabere, men euro-peere som begikk alle tiders mest groteske forbrytelser mot jødefolket. Men slike negative hold-ninger til fremmede folkeslag som Furnes finner belegg for i Bibelen, har likevel innflytelse på vestlig politikk.

Krigen i Irak ville ha skapt enda høyere risiko for en utdypning av motsetninger som skaper terrorisme, hvis ikke alle kristne trossamfunn – unntatt de som leder bønnestundene i Det hvite hus – og Frankrike og Tyskland – hadde markert at denne krigen ikke stod mellom religioner, at den ikke var noe “korstog”. Men kirkenes og vestlige makters motstand mot krigen var ikke ti-l-strekkelig til å fjerne det bilde av en aggressiv vestlig verden som er rotfestet siden korstog-enes tid, og som blir markert hver dag gjennom fjernsynsbilder fra Irak og Pale-stina. Paul Krugman skrev i Inter-nati-onal Herald Tribune 17.05.2003 at “Krigen i Irak … gjorde terroristene en tjeneste. “

Man kan heller ikke regne med at ikke-vestlige folk oppfatter det som mer heltemodig å skyte granater mot bolighus fra fly enn å sprenge seg selv i luften. Og når vi blir rystet over selvmords-bombere, kan andre folk komme til å tenke på at raketter og granater finansiert fra USA dreper mange flere uskyldige sivile. Det kan bli et forferdelig problem at mange utenfor Vesten kan misforstå Vesten, og tro at vi først og fremst er mot former for vold som USA og Israel ikke kan bruke selv.

Noen av de som blir terrorister idag, kan også ha i tankene de resultater som jødiske terrorister oppnådde da de drev palestin-ere ut av områder som skulle bli deler av Israel. Mange i Vesten mener nå at araberne ikke kan kreve at de fordrevne skal få vende tilbake, slik folkeretten krever. Man er mot at terrorismen skal gi resultater, men for at den skal gjøre det i spesielle tilfelle.

Vesten bør legge større vekt på det man vet om årsakene til terrorismen, og satse langt mer for å fjerne dem.

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