Nyt lovforslag: ”Del” dig til 12 års fængsel, hvis du deler holdning med Rusland

Et forkert klik på ”del” ikonet på Facebook skal fremover give en staf på op til 12 års fængsel, hvis det står til den danske regering, fremgår det i et nyt lovforslag. Det afhænger selvfølgelig af omstændighederne. Eller rettere af en bestemt omstændighed. Den hedder Rusland.

Forestil dig, at du har en kritisk holdning til NATO, og du læser en nyhed på Facebook eller Twitter, som du synes er værd at dele med dit netværk. Du deler nyheden.

Det viser sig, at nyheden er fabrikeret af den russiske efterretningstjeneste, der har haft til hensigt at påvirke den offentlige debat i Danmark.

Nu skal du forklare retten, at du ikke bevidst ifølge lovforslaget har forsøgt at påvirke ifølge ”den almene opfattelse af NATO-samarbejdet negativt”. Lykkedes du ikke med det, kan du se frem til op til 12 års fængsel, hvis du delte nyheden det under et valg.

Ovenstående er desværre ikke et eksempel jeg har konstrueret, men et konstrueret eksempel i regeringens nye lovforslag (se side 13 i lovforslaget), som hvis det bliver gennemført uden tvivl vil indskrænke ytringsfriheden i Danmark.

Den forkerte holdning om Rusland ties ihjel

Mennesker deler synspunkter og holdninger med hinanden for at påvirke hinanden, ellers kunne de lige så godt holde det, de læste, for sig selv.

At dele et opslag på Facebook er altså en demokratisk handling, som når der står i lovforslaget: ”Med henblik på at påvirke den almene meningsdannelse” (side 14-15 i lovforslaget).

Det er som bekendt ikke strafbart at dele sin holdning med andre, men det bliver det måske snart. For i det nye lovforslag står der i samme afsnit:

hvis brugeren anså det for sandsynligt, at det var en fremmed efterretningstjeneste, som man hjalp eller satte i stand til at virke inden for den danske stats område med henblik på at påvirke den almene meningsdannelse.” 

Det er den formulering, som skal sikre din retssikkerhed. Spørgsmålet bliver, om du burde have vidst, at det var en russisk efterretningstjeneste som stod bag det opslag, som du delte på Facebook?

Synspunktet må du gerne sympatisere med, men det har bare den konsekvens, at du er under mistanke. Dermed er der nogle holdninger om fx NATO, som kan føre til fængsel, og andre holdninger som ikke kan. 

Direktøren for tænketanken Justitia Jacob Mchangama kalder i Berlingske 12 års straf for et ”overkill”, og der er da heller ingen tvivl om, hvilken psykologisk påvirkning loven vil have.

Den vil skræmme de danske borgere fra at dele det mindste, der har et strejf af russisk ophav og kritisk vinkel på NATO-samarbejdet. Det vil med alt sandsynlighed få den effekt, at vi i Danmark ikke får en offentlig debat om Rusland og NATO-samarbejdet.

Den hellige danske stats treenighed

Lovforslaget kommer ovenpå en længere fortælling om russisk indblanding i valg i vestlige lande. I Berlingske den 24. juli kunne man læse, at chefen for Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste Lars Findsen alarmerede mod russerne på nettet i forbindelse med samme efterretningstjenestes risikovurdering fra 2017.

Den russiske ambassade responderede med et tweet i en dansk ironisk tone:

Rusland

Danskerne kunne ikke genkende deres egen humor og i stedet for at grine med, tog de beskeden bogstaveligt, og det bekræftede dem i deres frygt – Rusland vil forsøge at påvirke demokratiske valg i Danmark.

For en måneds tid siden blev Lars Findsens bekymring gengivet af en anden statslig institution i en online brochure til landets gymnasieelever.

Afsenderen af brochuren var DIIS (Dansk Institut for Internationale Studier), hvilken Jan Øberg og jeg skrev en kritik af for nylig.

Formålet med brochuren var, at styrke elevernes kritiske sans, men kun over for nyheder med positive russiske vinkler. Budskabet var, at man skal være varsom med at stole på, det man læser om Rusland.

Det budskab tog udgangspunkt i, at mainstreammedierne i Danmark primært også er negative over for Rusland, og det er i det lys, at de danske gymnasieelever skal være kritiske over for nyheder om Rusland.

Vi har i Danmark dermed tre institutioner, som alle kommunikerer et ensidigt billede af, at Rusland spreder falske nyheder på internettet for at påvirke den offentlige debat i Danmark under demokratiske valg.

Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste i deres risikovurdering fra 2017, brochuren fra DIIS (Dansk Institut for Internationale Studier) til gymnasieeleverne og regeringens lovforslag.

Det er ikke svært at se et mønster i denne treenigheds fælles tilslutning til den samme bekymring, og med forslaget vil de imødekomme denne, selvom det også demonstrerer, at den offentlige debat om vestens forhold til Rusland allerede er snæver og bliver endnu mere snæver fremover, hvis dette lovforslag bliver gennemført.

På trods af den russiske trussel, kan man frygte, at det her lovforslag er et udtryk for, at det danske demokrati ikke kan rumme en fri offentlige debat både om Rusland, men også om sig selv.

Vesten påvirker også valg

Selvom vi i Danmark og i vesten med rette kan være stolte af vores demokratiske værdier, er der sprækker i væggen, som befolkningen sjældent bliver gjort eksplicit opmærksomme på.

NATO inklusiv Danmark har selv forsøgt at påvirke, hvem der sidder på magten i en lang række lande siden 2. Verdenskrig. Det er ikke enestående for Rusland at blande sig i andre staters valg.

Lyle Jeremy Rubin, der tidligere har været ansat i United States Marine Corps i fem år og har en PhD i historie, skriver i sin artikel ”It’s time for a little perspective on Russia”, hvor mange valg rundt om i verden, han mener, USA har haft en finger med i. Han nævner blandt andet det russiske valg i 1996.

I de sidste tyve år har Danmark ledsaget USA i at påvirke, hvem der skal regere i Afghanistan, Irak, Libyen og Syrien, hvor vi deltog i militæraktioner med ét officielt erklæret formål – At vælte den siddende magt med militær intervention.

Det er muligt, at Rusland påvirker den offentlige debat i vestlige samfund under valg på internettet, men ud fra et demokratisk værdisæt, må det være forkasteligt, uanset hvordan man påvirker andre staters valg. Hvis man erkender enhver stats ret til suverænitet.

Derfor bør vi feje for egen dør, men vi ser ikke, hvor beskidt der er. Det er i sig selv et eksempel på, at debatten om Vesten og NATO med Rusland som etableret fjende har brug at blive mere nuanceretog mangfoldig.

Bliver dette lovforslag gennemført, så bliver konsekvensen det modsatte.

Kommentar d. 20 november 2018 – Jesper Munk Jakobsen 

Der er den 14. november kommet høringssvar, som indeholder en række yderst kritiske og næsten underholdende passager fra Justitia, Retspolitisk Forening, Dansk Journalistforbund, IT-Politisk Forening, Amnesty International og Institut for Menneskerettigheder.

Det har resulteret i, at man har ændret lovforslaget, hvilket Justitias direktør Jacob Mchangamai i Berlingske mener, er en væsentlig forbedring.

I stedet skal en dansk statsborger kunne blive straffet, hvis det kan påvises, at han eller hun har samarbejdet med en fremmed efterretningstjeneste.

I samme artikel siger Danmarks Justitsminister nu, “Man må gerne dele Facebook-opslag og alt muligt andet.”

Det vil derfor umiddelbart ikke være strafbart at dele indhold på Facebook, som der var lagt op til fra den danske regerings side.

Det er alt andet lige en forbedring og et skønt eksempel på, hvorfor fri kritisk offentlig debat er så vigtig at stå vagt om.

Bliv ved med det!

Jeg følger fortsat sagen løbende.

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