PressInfo #75 - NATO-ova psiholoska projekcija

“Ubeđen sam da je u načinu na koji je Zapad postupio sa Kosovom na delu bilo nekoliko momenata koji su ostali uglavnom zanemareni pa čak i potisnuti u drugi plan (takvi kao kolektivna psihologija, duboko usađeni kulturni kodovi i preovlađujuće zapadne ekspanzionističko-misionarske vrednosti), pa sam stoga ubeđen da bi nam moglo veoma koristiti da i o njima malo porazgovaramo. Na primer: da li Zapad predvođen Amerikom u suštini samo prikriva sopstvenu latentnu, duboko usađenu autoritarnu ideologiju koja ga tera na dominaciju nad čitavim svetom dok samo naizgled pokušava da postigne globalnu demokratiju, partnerstvo i multikulturalnost? Zar nije i Zapad na svoj poseban način – isto kao i Milošević i Hitler, svako na svoj način – taj koji profitira od teškoća i kriza koje proživljavaju drugi dok se samo pretvara kako im pomaže? Zapanjujuće je koliko su brzo javnost, političko-diplomatski krugovi i mediji uspeli da tu krizu premeste u prošlost kao nešto sasvim završeno i već uveliko iza nas. Međutim, ono što se dogodilo na Zapadu i sa Zapadom tokom skorašnjih balkanskih ratova, a posebno ovog na Kosovu, zaslužuje da ga nešto pomnije sagledamo – pa se bojim kako nam se ono što ćemo videti, ukoliko doista preduzmemo taj mali napor, neće ni malo dopasti”, kaže Jan Oberg, direktor TFF-a.

„Pre 30 godina Harold Ofstad, norveško-švedski filozof, analizirao je nacističku ideologiju. On tvrdi kako je nacizam svoje ishodište našao u tradicionalnim zapadnim vrednostima i da sam predstavlja samo ekstremni izraz upravo tih vrednosti – ‘weltanschauung’. Jedna od njegovih osnovnih osobina jeste potenciranje ‘prezira prema svemu što predstavlja slabost’, dok se veliča moć, snaga i heroizam. Jaki MORAJU vladati slabima. Dobri–Jaki su uvek u pravu, imaju Bogom dano pravo da nadvladaju Loše–Slabe koji zaslužuju prezir, pa čak i da budu iskorenjeni. Jaki na sebe preuzimaju teret civilizacije, žrtve i herojska dela – sve u ime viših principa ili ‘Prava’ u ime Dobra. Time, navodno, ne mogu biti odgovorni za bilo šta što učine, jer imaju božansko ovlašćenje i nalaze se iznad zakona. Svi koji izvršavaju naređenja vođa oslobođeni su odgovornosti – čak i krivične – jer, eto, teže proterivanju Zla i (ponovnom) uspostavljanju Dobra. Antisemitizam u tom okviru nije ključni element, već pogrešan i sporedan deo strukture.“

„Spremno se divimo pobedniku snažne volje, a preziremo kolebljivog gubitnika. Sastavni deo nacističke ideologije jeste pretvaranje da se idealistički borimo protiv Zla i za uzvišene ciljeve, dok zapravo sledimo sopstvene interese ili ciljeve osrednje vrednosti. Svet je crn i beo. Disciplina i poslušnost bivaju nagrađene, postavljanje pitanja kažnjivo. Nacionalizam i simbolika – mitovi, medalje, zastave – izuzetno su važni. Vođa i vodeća nacija sebe vide kao izuzetne, od Boga izabrane da ponovo uspostave raj na Zemlji. Lična odgovornost svodi se na izvršavanje zadataka, ne na moralno promišljanje. Jezik služi zavođenju, pun je klišea i eufemizama, dok je sama ideologija antiintelektualna i pojednostavljena.“

„Sukobi često sadrže elemente projekcije – pripisivanje drugima ‘mračnih osobina’ koje vidimo u sebi. Zar zapadni lideri nazivajući Miloševića Hitlerom nisu pokazali sopstvenu bojazan da bi i njihov projekat mogao dobiti takav epitet? Zar nije predsednik Klinton uporno ponavljao kako su Albanci ‘žrtve etničkog čišćenja ne zbog onoga što su uradili nego zbog onoga što jesu’?“

NATO je izvršio invaziju, počinio agresiju i prekršio međunarodno pravo. Koristio je neprecizna oružja. Optuživao je Jugoslaviju za postupke koje je i sam činio – ubijanje civila, agresiju, stvaranje etnički homogenih teritorija, podrivanje demokratije, upotrebu nesrazmerne sile, manipulaciju medijima.

Istorijska svest pokazuje da etničko čišćenje nije izum Balkana već deo zapadnih praksi kroz istoriju. SAD imaju svoje „nacionalne interese“ širom sveta. Američki lideri često ističu sopstvenu izuzetnost, demokratiju i misiju. Lažna istorijska analogija o Srbiji kao Hitlerovoj Nemačkoj dodatno pojednostavljuje kompleksnost.

Johan Galtung iz TRANSCEND-a ukazivao je na istorijske paralele – Hitlerovu upotrebu sudetskog pitanja, japansku agresiju na Mandžuriju, italijansku na Etiopiju – sve suprotne međunarodnim paktovima koji su zabranjivali rat kao sredstvo politike. Moćnici su sebe smatrali „iznad zakona“. Propaganda je bila masovna, a opravdanja za „kolateralnu štetu“ unapred pripremljena.

„Projekciju je koristila i Srbija–Jugoslavija“, nastavlja Oberg. „I Srbi i Hrvati, i Srbi i Albanci projektovali su jedni na druge stereotipe, strahove i mitove. Svi su sebe videli kao žrtve i nosioce Dobra. Kada je NATO izvršio agresiju, Srbi su poverovali da postoji Plan protiv njih. Kada su Srbi počinili zločine, Zapad je našao opravdanje za sopstveno kršenje zakona. Jedni su druge zarobili u zlokobnom zagrljaju.“

Nacistička ideologija zagovara borbu protiv potencijalno jakih rivala i potčinjavanje slabijih. Kosovo nije bilo samo sukob sa slabijom Srbijom, već i poruka Rusiji, Kini, UN-u i svim sistemima koji ne pristaju na globalizaciju „a la Zapad“. Nakon pada istočnog bloka, nije dopušteno pojavljivanje održive alternative globalnom kapitalističkom poretku.

NATO je imao vojnu, ekonomsku i medijsku nadmoć. Jugoslavija nije mogla uzvratiti. Ovakva dominacija sofisticiranija je od nacizma, ali se prodaje pod parolama demokratije i humanitarizma – i mnogi je prihvataju.

„Najverovatnije DA“, kaže Oberg o projekciji. „Narodi se bore protiv sopstvenih mračnih osobina projektujući ih na druge. Srbija je dobila ulogu ‘Zlog’ po hladnoratovskim šablonima. Bez projekcije, autoritarnosti i stereotipa, stvari poput Kosova bile bi nezamislive. Srbija zabrinjava Zapad jer mu je slična – oba neguju preuveličanu predstavu o sopstvenoj misiji.“

Oberg zaključuje: „Mnogi od nas proveli su previše vremena u bivšoj Jugoslaviji da bi još verovali kako su demokratske zemlje same po sebi moralne i miroljubive. Imamo više obrazovanja, više informacija, više vojne moći – i manje mudrosti. Politika i etika su se razvele. Kosovo nije epizoda, već prekretnica. Ako iz ovog krvavog veka ne naučimo ništa, slediće još gore stvari.“

„Sve dok ne osporimo legitimnost nasilja i rata kao institucije, slediće urušavanje svetskog poretka, humanizma i demokratije. NATO i KFOR su koraci u pogrešnom pravcu. Ako bismo iz 20. veka naučili barem nešto – obustavili nasilje, zaustavili aroganciju, razvili sposobnost upravljanja sukobima sa što manje nasilja – to bi bio Projekat dostojan humanizma za novi vek. Ne slavimo uspeh dok ne ‘očistimo’ nasilje iz svojih misli, reči i dela i ne postanemo sposobni da zamislimo miroljubiviji svet.“

© TFF 1999

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