PressInfo #203 - Japan: Fredsnation eller krigsallieret?

I dag, på den Internationale Menneskeretsdag, godkendte den japanske regering – bestående af det Liberale Demokratiske Parti, LDP, og “New Komeito”-partiet – planen for det nye nationale forsvarsprogram samt oprustning ifølge midtvejsbudgetet for 2005 – 2009.

I går bestemte den at forlænge sin tilstedeværelse med de såkaldte selvforsvarstyrker, (Self-Defence-Forces, SDF) i Irak. Mens hver eneste sikkerhedrelateret beslutning i disse år betyder en faktisk underminering af Japans freds-grundlov, ligesom militær oprustning og samarbejde med den krigeriske Bush-administration, så har Japan langtfra i tilsvarende udstrækning udviklet sine intellektuelle eller politiske muligheder. Disse forbliver grundlæggende afhængige, bekvemt vage og følgsomme. Billedet af Japan som et slags amerikansk hangarfartøj bliver stadig mere realistisk.

Samtidig er store dele af den japanske offentlighed imod dette, især SDF’s tilstedeværelse i Irak. Men japansk demokrati er tilsyneladende helt foreneligt med en regering, der viser en fremmed magt større loyalitet end det bryder sig om det egne folks meninger og sikkerhed – lidt som f.eks. i Danmark og Italien.

Fred betyder krig – og et væv af modsigelser

Irak har aldrig truet Japan, så man må nok spørge hvordan det kan være at Japan føler sig tvunget til at lade sine “kun-til-selvforsvar”-tropper praktisere i Irak. For et land der har “fred” indskrevet i sin grundlov, burde det være umuligt at deltage i den amerikanske aggression og besættelse af Irak, for ikke at nævne transporterne af amerikanske soldater med deres våben og amunition ind og ud af landet. På grund af den dalende sikkerhed i Irak, vil Japan nu også samarbejde tættere med de brittiske tropper – ej heller for deres vedkommende drejer det just om en humanitær insats.

Premierminister Junichiro Koizumi påstår at SDF støtter det irakiske folks ønske om at skabe en stabil og demokratisk stat, og således tjener man også Japans egne interesser. Asahi Shimbun udtrykker det sådan at “regeringen, henvisende til vigtigheden af båndene til USA og til Iraks behov, i torsdags besluttede at udvide opgaven”. Faktum er, at man roligt kan gå ud fra at Japan er i Irak for USA’s skyld – ikke for det irakiske folks skyld, eller for et demokrati der under alle omstændigheder aldrig vil kunne vokse ud af en besættelse.

Med sin tilstedeværelse i Irak kan Japan egentlig kun opnå følgende: At ødelægge sin kapital af international velvilje, fordi det befinder sig på den gale side i denne konflikt, og øge risikoen for et terrorangreb mod dets tropper i Irak eller i selve Japan. der føres med andre ord “usikkerhedspolitik”.

Den japanske regerings politik i Irak er uforenelig med enhver forestilling om verdensfred og velfærd for den store majoritet af lidende mennesker. Den er uforenelig med international lov og principerne både i landets egen grundlov egen grundlov og i FN’s charter.

Læg dertil et par andre punkter fra den aktuelle japanske militærpolitiske sfære, som:

• deltagelse i “The Teatre Missile Defence” (et program der udelukkende har til opgave at gøre en atomkrig lettere at vinde for USA),

• frigivelse af japansk våbeneksport,

• voksende integrering af officiel (militær)-“fredsskabende virksomhed” med udviklingsbistand,

• at regeringen nu for første gang officielt udtaler at Kina er den største trussel;

• premierministerens mangel på empati med resten af verden når han vedbliver med at besøge Yasukuni Shrine, der også omfatter krigsforbryderne;

• den fundamentale mangel på uafhængig og konstruktiv politik fra Japans side i forhold til Nordkorea

– og man har en ganske ubehagelig cocktail, der peger i retning af – mere – militarisme.

Politisk korrekthed – ukorrekt politik

Der er ikke megen debat om alle disse ting i Japan. NHK, den største public-service mediekoncern, har fortalt seerne mere om sultne bjørnes angreb på noge landboere, tyfoner og virksomheder der ejer baseballhold, end om Irak eller regeringens spekulationer. En sikkerhedsekspert forekommer snarere at beskæftige sig med at tolke regeringens rapporter og udtalelser, end at sætte spørgsmålstegn ved sagerne eller kritiserer regeringens politik offentligt.

Politisk korrekthed betyder alt her – og dog er politikken alt andet end korrekt; altså hvis det man vil er at formidle fred i verden.

Alligevel vil Japan gerne ses som en ansvarsbevidst aktør på verdensscenen og betaler til sammenligning meget til FN, hvorfor det også fremfører ønsker om en permanent plads i Sikkerhedsrådet. Men hvor er grundlaget for dét, hvis Japan støtter en krig og en besættelse der står i stik modsat forhold til denne organisations ånd og bogstav?

Hold et godt øje med Japan og forestil dig hvad det i stedet kunne udrette for virkelig fred

I Vestverden taler man ikke meget om Japans rolle i international sikkerhedspolitik. Hvis fremtiden, som meget tyder på, indeholder øget japansk militarisme hjemme, og i udlandet endda paret med total underkastelse under det amerikanske imperie, så er det på tide at vi begynder at gøre det.

Men lad os håbe at den offentlige mening og oppositionen i Japan vokser sig stærk og landet begynder at tænke og handle som en suveræn stat. Lad og forestille os at Japan stiller hårdt op mod masseødelæggelsesvåben overalt i verden – intet land vil kunne gøre det med større troværdighed. Og lad og håbe at det bliver verdensmester i virkelig sikkerhed for mennesker og konfliktløsning med fredelige midler.

Alt det er ganske muligt for en suveræn stat og Japan ville kunne gøre det. Det kræver blot modenhed i forholdet til USA. Det ville dermed blive et af de mest fascinerende medlemmer af verdenssamfundet og en naturlig leder i FN’s Sikkerhedsråd og andre steder. I sandhed, der er ikke mange begrænsninger for alt det gode Japan kunne være for verden. Det skal bare se at få orden i sin freds- og ikke krigs- politik.

© TFF and the author 2004

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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