Det var väl i och för sig logiskt att Israel skulle skaffa sig kärnvapen. Till och med Sverige övervägde ju att bli en kärnvapenmakt, utan särskilt övertygande militära skäl. Israel levde under ett verkligt hot om förintelse från sina grannländer. Det judiska folkets erfarenhet gjorde det oundvikligt att ta hotet på stort allvar. Fienderna var många och starka. Hotet om vedergällning med kärnvapen skulle avskräcka från anfall, menade man.

Den franska regeringen sålde en kärnreaktor för plutoniumframställning som placerades i Dimona i Negev. Sannolikt bidrog Frankrike också med en hel del data för framställningen av kärnvapen liksom resultat från sina kärnvapensprängningar. Det är intressant att spekulera över Frankrikes motiv till att sälja kärnvapenteknologi till både Israel och Irak. Ville man, i bägge fallen, förekomma USA?

Israel har idag, tror man, mellan 75 och 200 kärnvapen. Uppskattningarna bygger på Dimonareaktorns produktionskapacitet. Vapnen kan sändas med flyg eller med landbaserade missiler. Missilen Jeriko II har en räckvidd på omkring 1800 km och anses av experter i första hand vara avsedda att bära kärnvapen, men kan också förses med konventionella laddningar. Israel har nu även skaffat tre tyska, dieseldrivna, ubåtar som försetts med missiler som kan kärnvapenladdas..

Har kärnvapenavskräckningen fungerat? Nej. Trots sina kärnvapen anfölls Israel 1973 av grannstater och Israels kärnvapen avhöll inte Irak från att attackera Israel med missiler vid Gulfkriget 1991. Man kan inte avskräcka utan att göra det troligt att man verkligen kommer att använda vapnen. Om Israel hade slagit tillbaka med kärnvapen mot anfallarnas länder skulle förödelsen ha blivit oerhörd. I generationer skulle radioaktiva områden och förstörda städer, ha påmint om detta brott. Israel skulle ha riskerat sin viktigaste säkerhetsgaranti, stödet från omvärlden och särskilt från USA.

Idag är Israels säkerhetspolitiska läge i förhållande till grannarna mycket förbättrat. Egypten, Syrien och Jordanien har minskat sina militära resurser kraftigt och skulle inte kunna bjuda starkt motstånd vid ett israeliskt anfall, än mindre kunna hota Israels existens. Irak förlorade det mesta av sina militära resurser redan i Gulfkriget 1981 Återstår som orosmoment framförallt Iran och Saudi.

Iran militära styrka är avsevärd men kan inte hota Israel så länge Israel har USA:s stöd. De amerikanska baserna i Irak, i Quatar och de amerikanska flottstyrkorna i Persiska viken skulle kunna stoppa ett anfall snabbt och tillfoga Iran enorma skador. Om Iran däremot utvecklar kärnvapen som med missiler kan anfalla Israel skulle hotet om en förintelse av Israel åter bli förfärande påtagligt.

Jag argumenterar i en artikel i detta nummer av Informationsbladet för att utsikterna bör vara goda att åstadkomma en förhandlingslösning med Iran. Om nu USA:s utrikesledning verkligen vill och vågar. Det borde man göra, för fredens skull, och för Israels skull

Saudi är ett svårbedömt land. USA:s baser har lämnat landet, kanske därför att man inser att man inte är en välkommen gäst, och den amerikanska närvaron hotar landets stabilitet och kungahusets säkerhet. Den saudiska diktaturen kan inte förväntas bestå länge. Avsikten med USA:s massiva militära närvaro i området är främst att kunna ingripa om Saudi faller sönder och oljeproduktionen hotas. Risken finns att makten i landet tas över av en fundamentalistisk grupp som ser som sin huvuduppgift att i ett omvänt “korståg” återerövra de heliga platserna i Jerusalem. En sådan grupp skulle kanske vilja köpa kärnvapen för ett heligt krig. Ett israeliskt anfall på Irans nukleära anläggningar skulle öka risken för en sådan utveckling. Andra muslimska länder i området från Algeriet till Pakistan hyser grupper som skulle kunna reagera på samma sätt.

Kärnvapnen har inte bidragit till Israels trygghet. Idag ser vi att risken för spridning av kärnvapen till andra länder i området ökar.

Kärnvapen är smittsamma. Om Israel vägrar avskaffa sina kärnvapen är risken i längden mycket stor att andra länder i regionen skaffar kärnvapen. Då kan inte USA skydda Israel.

Kan Israel överleva trots sina kärnvapen?  

Medical education and professional career

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