Jan Oberg: Evidently the West cannot live without enemy images. Go see a shrink so we shall all live in peace

I’m 70 now and all my life, I’ve heard that the Russians would one day make a surprise attack and, within 48 hours, occupy the Eifel Tower. Fait accompli! We in the West were weak – perhaps not right now but we would be within the next 5 years if we did not invest much more in ”defence”.

Well, these damn Russians haven’t come yet – another reason we shouldn’t trust them, I assume! The latest variation on that bizarre and irrational theme is that Swedish military spokespersons maintain that Sweden has to plan for an isolated Russian attack on the island of Gotland – and that China aims to conquer Taiwan and Biden telling the world that the US is committed to defend Taiwan.

This is a slightly revised version of an editorial for the Transcend Media Service, October 25, 2021

The time when you could understand international affairs by means of some principles, political science concepts and rational analysis disappeared at least 20 years ago, perhaps around the time of September 11, 2001 – perhaps already after 1989 when there was only a triumphalist, winner-takes-it-all attitude throughout the West: To hell with every law and principle, we can now do whatever we want.

Much more needed now is social psychology, cultural studies – and social cosmology to honour Johan Galtung who just turned 91 three days ago – religious concepts combined with end-views and panic reactions as well as studies of leaders’ personalities, vanity and capability to ’lie and cheat and steal’ as former CIA boss Mike Pompeo laughingly told us is now the norm. And you may add good fiction literature, science fiction and thrillers as inspiration for your analyses. Political science is now way behind the curve – if it hasn’t always been.

During all the time of the First Cold War which ended in 1989, the West – US and NATO – benefited from arguing and opinion-influencing us all that the Soviet Union/Warsaw Pact was a formidable enemy – although the latter’s military expenditures were max about 70% of NATO’s, its military technology way behind and the Soviet Union an economic dwarf without a global reach. [I’m leaving out here that the First Cold War also had an Asian component, namely the US-Japan Security Treaty – ANPO – signed in 1960].

Contrary to what has often been stated by ignorants, NATO was not founded in 1949 as a ’response’ to the Warsaw Pact which was established in 1955. But such stuff was part of the propaganda. Sputnik in 1957 was the only example of the Eastern bloc being the first.

When the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact fell apart, all important Western leader promised Gorbachev, the last President of the USSR, that they would not take advantage of the weakness of his country and, therefore, not expand NATO ”an inch”. There seems to also have been a promise that Germany, if united, would be neutral and not in NATO.

Bill Clinton – in international politics terms one of the worst American presidents – couldn’t care less about those promises when he started the expansion of NATO in 1994. In Georgia, that was, and I know a bit about it because I had a long conversation with the then US representative in Tblisi who willingly revealed the long-term strategy.

The Second Cold War

NATO’s expansion means that ten former Warsaw Pact members are now members plus some republics of then Yugoslavia. So much for not expanding an inch.

Add to that the regime-change attempt in Kiev – seeking to eventually get Ukraine into EU and also NATO – and Putin’s response by annexing Crimea (that would have become NATO territory with a huge Russian naval base on lease for 30+ years ahead) and you have the steady contours of the Second Cold War which has, so far just a few days ago, lead to Russia closing down its office at NATO and asking NATO to leave its office in Moscow.

We are light yeas away from anything resembling the OSCE and the confidence-building measures – and political wisdom of detente (Willy Brandt) and common security (Olof Palme) of the first Cold War which also had neutral, peace-promoting countries – such as Sweden, Finland and Austria – serving as buffers.

Indeed there are no effective tension-reduction mechanisms available anymore.

Russia is now one country with 8% of the military expenditures of the 30 member NATO alliance. And allegedly a new formidable threat about which your media also only tell you negative stories.

Since then, of course, there is North Korea with 1% of the military expenditures of the United States. And there is Iran whom the West has harassed in various ways since 1953 – the CIA coup against the democratically elected Dr. Mossadegh. Allegedly, Iran – like Russia – had missiles that were a threat to all of Europe – for which we needed not the ABM but the BMD – Ballistic Missile Defence which de facto aims at making a 2nd retaliatory strike unsuccessful (or impossible) and thereby destroyed the old balance of terror – and thereby also dangerously lowered the nuclear threshold. But is was all done with the tired NATO mantra: for Security, Stability and Peace.

There are no convincing documentation that Iran wanted a nuclear weapon – and thereby offering Israel’s nukes a raison d’etre, risking a nuclear arms race and military action. But there is plenty of evidence – see Gareth Porter’s classic, ”Manufactured Crisis: The Untold Story of the Iran Nuclear Scare” – that the argument that Iran is up to acquire nuclear weapons status is a campaign since the early 1990s driven by Israel, Netanyahu and Mossad.

Donald Trump decided to violate international law and take the US out of the JCPOA Accord – negotiated by mostly nuclear countries telling Iran that it should not have them. Obviously Iran had not been punished enough yet – for meticulously implementing all the provisions of the accord – so the US pushed more grossly suffocating primary and – in particular, secondary – sanctions on Iran’s innocent people, encompassing even humanitarian aid to Iran when hit by natural catastrophes. But who in the Western media bother to tell you about such brutalities in any detail?

Syria also needed a regime change – because of its good relations with Russia and Iran and because the al-Assads, father and son, had refused to submit to the demands of the US to build gas and oil pipelines across the Syrian territory.

The regime change which was much more of an international war than a civil war lasted from the Marrakesh Friends of Syria (!) meeting on December 12, 2012, when al-Assad was deposed by decree and a National Council was set up without anyone in Syria having been asked, to the liberation of Eastern Aleppo from the 4,5 year occupation by, among others, al-Nushra and 5000 Chinese Uyghur terrorists exactly 4 years later on the day. (You can find all my writings and documentation elseshere on The Transnational).

The West buried its last honour – in a political, military/anti-terrorism, legal and ethical sense – there in the rubble of that amazingly beautiful city which had not only been on the old Silk Road but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (One of my art works is called ”The Entombment of Christ in Aleppo, 2021”.

The Third Cold War

And now we are well into the Third Cold War – with China as the big new enemy. TFF has issued two reports about how it is organised, who builds it and how it is financed – the second and most comprehensive is ”Behind the Smokescreen. An Analysis of the West’s Destructive China Cold War Agenda And Why It Must Stop” (130 pages).

In the mainstream media, you learn only negative things about China and its development, leadership, party and policies – say, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet, ”dictatorship”, Xinjiang genocide, South China Sea, human rights issues, authoritarianism and being the cause of the Chinese/Wuhan Virus called Covid-19 … but not that China remains the top country measured by relative and high citizens’s satisfaction with their government, 95% compared to that of the US (38%) – according to the most solid survey by the Ash Center at Harvard University and also not that China has abolished poverty by lifting 800 million out of poverty in about 3 decades.

Most people in the West know nothing about China, its history, development, society or ways of thinking. You shall not even be curious, just negative, condemning: They are not like us and won’t be = bad, evil, The Yellow Peril 2.0. And there is a high correlation between knowing nothing and/or never having visited China and having such negative attitudes.

The single foreign policy goal of the US/West is now to fight, condemn, keep down, contain and outcompete China. There are new laws to that effect in the US and US$ 1500 million has, according to Act S.1169, been set off to train media people to write only negative stories about China and its Belt & Road Initiative, i.e. human history’s largest cooperation project involving 140+ countries around the world but only Italy among NATO and EU members.

But did your mainstream media tell you that?

Add that to the propaganda carried out by US state media, USAGM – US Agency for Global Media
and it will dawn upon you that the idea of free media, diversity/objectivity and ”independence” is turning into a dead herring.

By the US itself, not by anyone else and by those mainstream media that merely reproduce American sources as the truth about the world.

Blind faith in mainstream media

But different from the old Soviet Union – where nobody believed in Pravda (The Truth) – most ordinary Westerners still trust what the mainstream and public service media tell them – if at all they care to know about the world outside their own country or region – which, surprise-surprise, happen to have the same anti-Russia, anti-China, anti-Iran perspectives coupled with no investigation or criticism of pro-NATO, pro-US, pro-military and pro-war/intervention perspectives.

The self-deception has gone quite far. I recently happened to listen to the last party leader debate of the German elections. None of the party leaders opposed the discussion facilitators stating as if a fact that Russia and China are big threats and all party leaders, more or less enthusiastically, argued that NATO members increasing their military expenditures to 2% of GNP was necessary – a measure that defies every intellectual thought since military expenditures shall, by logics, be determined by relevant real threat analyses and not vary with the GNP’s rise or fall.

But such is the intellectual level of our times in which every peace and disarmament discourse has been disappeared, cancelled, framed and frowned upon.

Both such anti-intellectualism and one-dimensional military security thinking will, of course, be a boomerang or blowback – in particularly for those who follow the US as blindly loyal as did, say, East Germany Moscow. And Denmark and Norway to mention just two such modern-day GDRs.

The disease of the West

Of course one diagnosis is paranoia – pretended or real from within the Western box where the Military-Industrial-Media-Academic Complex, MIMAC, operates many many times worse than the Military-Industrial Complex, President Eisenhower warned us about in his farewell speech – one of the most significant of contemporary times.

But there is more to it than paranoia. This paranoia serves a purpose – the even increasing but self-destructive influence of the MIMAC, of militarism. That militarism can be compared to the alchoholist or drug addict: there is always a need for a new shot, it makes you feel good for a while and then, then the need for more pops up again.

Unless you seek help in time, you are most likely doomed.

Further, we are dealing with the psycho-political projections of the West’s dark sides unto others – the West constantly blaming others for doing what it does itself to a much larger extent. I mean, compare Crimea with Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya or Syria. Or blame China for its human rights when it has saved millions of lives out of poverty while 20% of the people in today’s US live under the poverty line. Or convince us that Iran which has not invaded anybody for about 200 years is a threat to the world.

Seeing enemies everywhere – indeed needing enemies – is a sign of a weak, fragmenting social body. A healthy human being does not see everybody as an enemy first and only a friend when ”the other” becomes like s/he her/himself. The problem is weak self-confidence and insecure identity.

Another term would be dichotomisation at absurdum with no nuances in-between: Us good, them bad; Orient against Occident, socialism or capitalism, Smith or Marx, either being with us or being with our enemies (George W Bush after 9/11), either obedience or submission, either our ’universalisable’ values or you’ll be demonised and punished.

And combine that with Christianity-inspired missionary zeal – leave no territory untouched, 700-1000 NATO military bases in 130+ countries, special forces, intelligence infiltration wherever an enemy is perceived to lurk, huge PSYOPS and media deception, planting stories – all for the good of one, not the common good for all, as it is sold.

And then there is the very heavy factor about which there is only denial: being in decline. The US and other West now behaves like an old patriarch who, nearing the end of his life, feels that he is losing power, that his role as a leader, authority and model is increasingly ignored – a teacher whose pupils no longer obey, even some laughing forbearingly.

And it has to do with time – over time. If for years you have tried the same old tricks, there will be more and more who begin to think like the little whistleblower boy in H C Andersen’s fairy tale: that the Emperor has no clothes.

You stand revealed with your lost wars and lost legitimacy in the eyes of the rest.

Add to that, the day of reckoning – the West’s Pravda moment when, like snowballing, citizens find out that they can no longer trust what they are being told – also because they have free access to alternative views, other countries’ and news agencies news and to truly independent sources – and begin to use them instead.

That’s when ”another brick in the wall” will fall – à la Berlin back then. The system never was what we were told – for democracy, freedom, human rights, the common good of the world. And for peace. That was the propaganda top of the iceberg. Underneath was the deep ice, the deep state, the military, political, psychological and cultural nuclear attack submarines…

Deep down there was the fundamental contempt for those considered weaker – militarily, system-wise, morally or in terms of race and civilisation. Norwegian-Swedish moral philosopher Harald Ofstad traced the roots of Nazism to that basic value, or attitude in his formidably important book, ”Our Contempt for Weakness: Nazi Norms and Values – And Our Own” (1989).

To sell the top of that iceberg, you need constantly to define yourself as higher, better and more powerful for the common good and therefore having exceptional rights that those lower down in a hierarchy cannot even dream of..

”You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time” – as has been stated succinctly by a wise man, but most likely not by Abraham Lincoln.

My simple view is that no one but the West itself threatens the West and that Western images of threats are best understood as mind constructions serving the MIMAC – and therefore a dead-dangerous perpetuum mobile.

We should, therefore, always and without exception oppose, criticise and provide alternatives to such enemy images instead of accepting the consciously manipulative ”fearology” and professional PSYOP deception on which they invariably build.

If Western leaders cannot learn to live without enemy images and projections, we are probably doomed. I refuse to see that as an option.

Because, as Pogo the cartoon figure so wisely stated it: ”We have met the enemy and he is us.”

Because … at the end of the day, all it would take is that the world leaders came together, served their peoples and said: Let’s agree to reduce all the waste we all create by weapons and militarism by, say, 50%, and spend the trillions of dollars on making the world a better place. Conversion of human and other resources from that to the common good. Let’s see each others as partners and friends first and embark on cooperation rather than confrontation. Synergy!

Nobody – East, West, South, North – seems to have such a vision and thus we “drift toward unparalleled catastrophe.”

But when we have understood that much and the West has declined gracefully and become a strong healthy partner in a multi-polar and multi-cultural cooperative and non-confrontational world, humanity has, I am sure, a great future and can also quite easily find solutions to its problems – be it climate change, poverty, global democracy, development, water, literacy and education.

And peace.

Please support the free thinking and the independence of TFF – and its work for peace by peaceful means in accordance with the UN Charter – thanks a lot!

Note

Addendum, October 29, 2021
When writing and publishing this article, I regret that I was unaware of this wonderful exemplification of what I argue that this article makes: “NATO agrees master plan to deter growing Russian threat.” It appears to me to be unintentionally comic in terms of substance and an illustration of amateurish journalism in that it does not say a word about that NATO does or how NATO’s policies must be seen by Moscow.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

Share

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Related Posts

Jan Oberg May 15, 2026 Go to this Fox News page and scroll the whole way down: President Donald Trump tells the world that his meeting with President Xi Jinping yielded a lot of very concrete political and economic results – of course, only where the Chinese side, according to him, agreed with him. He does not mention the Taiwan issue, but Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, says that it did not feature prominently in their talks and that the US policy on Taiwan has not changed. Then go to China Daily – or Global Times – and you will see that for the Chinese it is framework, principles, structure of cooperation etc. that matters – all embedded in the overall idea of “constructive bilateral relationship of strategic stability.” Nowhere is any concrete agreement or deal – all that Trump refers to – mentioned. At the general level, this gives you insights into the very different social...
The MIMAC – Military-Industrial-Media-Academic Complex – drives the world’s rampant militarism and wars without end. Here is a short reflection of how it works against all interests of humanity. #5 deals with why there is no real enemy or threat images/analysis. It’s all ex-post constructions. And, btw, theTFF Peace Pulse is now on Rumble.
Jan Oberg, TFF director April 28, 2026 In this third TFF Peace Pulse, I make the important distinction between the violence and the conflict that violence is a symptom of. If you want peace, focus on the underlying conflict because that is the key to resolution, peacemaking, and a better future for the parties. The West is obsessed with violence, just look around you – and 90+ per cent of the public debate is about military issues and other violence – totally wasted for peace. These Peace Pulses will only be published here a few times. You will also not find them on YouTube and Vimeo because both platforms have blocked TFF and me; you know, peace is dangerous these days. Most TFF’s videos since 2007 are now on Rumble.

Recent Articles

“En dag som berättigar till fest”, utropade den London-baserade al-Quds al-Arabi efter FN:s eldupphörresolution, “eftersom detta är första gången som Israel accepterar ett FN-beslut från en position som besegrad och inte som segrare”. Att ett arabisk-israeliskt krig för en gångs skull slutat med arabisk seger, är en helt dominerade åsikt i arabiska medier. Al-Quds al-Arabi tillåter sig att drömma om att det israeliska nederlaget skall leda till massflykt från Israel. Men i nästa andetag påminner tidningen om att Israel aldrig brukar genomföra sina internationella åtaganden och varnar för att förlorarna, liksom tidigare, kan hämnas genom att provocera fram inbördeskrig i Libanon. Med tanke på de otaliga massmediala vittnesmålen om det libanesiska folkets eniga motståndskraft förefaller risken för inre stridigheter i det sargade landet just nu liten. Men visst kan man urskilja nyansskillnader i libanesiska tidningar. Vänsterorganet al-Safir uppfattar FN-resolutionen som en komplott i syfte att rädda Israel från ännu större...
Greenland – the world’s largest island, a continent of its own with only 57.000 inhabitants. I visited it for the first time in May 2005. I flew across the inland ice to Nuuk, the tiny capital with some 14.000 inhabitants. I was overwhelmed by the pride and kindness of everyone I met as well as by the unique natural beauty. Unfortunately, due to weather conditions during my ten-day stay I could get nowhere else but Nuuk. Fortunately, however, among those I met was Gitte Arvegaard, a Danish lawyer and negotiator employed by the local government, Greenland Home Rule. She turned out to be an enthusiastic photographer with a lot of pictures taken during various trips around Greenland. So this Greeland series is the result of our cooperative effort. We both hope you enjoy it and are stimulated to visit Greenland – about which you may read more here. Finally, if you want to...
 Jan Oberg’s storyof how he met Sir Paul Liverpool – where else to meet Paul McCartney? Paul’s old class mate and TFF Associate, Jonathan Power introduced me to Paul McCartney in Liverpool at an informal reception. It was held at what used to be their school, now the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts and we were there to celebrate that Jonathan had written Amnesty International’s 40th Anniversary book. This happy event for “righting wrongs and writing songs” gave me an opportunity to meet Paul and tell him about TFF and get straight to the matter: would he consider making a donation in support of our work for peace? While I was probably the only one with such a wish that day, I was certainly not the only one who wanted to shake hands and talk with him. In the last minutes before Paul was to leave, Jonathan brought us together and we got about three...

TFF on Substack

Discover more from TFF Transnational Foundation & Jan Oberg.

Most Popular

“En dag som berättigar till fest”, utropade den London-baserade al-Quds al-Arabi efter FN:s eldupphörresolution, “eftersom detta är första gången som Israel accepterar ett FN-beslut från en position som besegrad och inte som segrare”. Att ett arabisk-israeliskt krig för en gångs skull slutat med arabisk seger, är en helt dominerade åsikt i arabiska medier. Al-Quds al-Arabi tillåter sig att drömma om att det israeliska nederlaget skall leda till massflykt från Israel. Men i nästa andetag påminner tidningen om att Israel aldrig brukar genomföra sina internationella åtaganden och varnar för att förlorarna, liksom tidigare, kan hämnas genom att provocera fram inbördeskrig i Libanon. Med tanke på de otaliga massmediala vittnesmålen om det libanesiska folkets eniga motståndskraft förefaller risken för inre stridigheter i det sargade landet just nu liten. Men visst kan man urskilja nyansskillnader i libanesiska tidningar. Vänsterorganet al-Safir uppfattar FN-resolutionen som en komplott i syfte att rädda Israel från ännu större...
Greenland – the world’s largest island, a continent of its own with only 57.000 inhabitants. I visited it for the first time in May 2005. I flew across the inland ice to Nuuk, the tiny capital with some 14.000 inhabitants. I was overwhelmed by the pride and kindness of everyone I met as well as by the unique natural beauty. Unfortunately, due to weather conditions during my ten-day stay I could get nowhere else but Nuuk. Fortunately, however, among those I met was Gitte Arvegaard, a Danish lawyer and negotiator employed by the local government, Greenland Home Rule. She turned out to be an enthusiastic photographer with a lot of pictures taken during various trips around Greenland. So this Greeland series is the result of our cooperative effort. We both hope you enjoy it and are stimulated to visit Greenland – about which you may read more here. Finally, if you want to...
 Jan Oberg’s storyof how he met Sir Paul Liverpool – where else to meet Paul McCartney? Paul’s old class mate and TFF Associate, Jonathan Power introduced me to Paul McCartney in Liverpool at an informal reception. It was held at what used to be their school, now the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts and we were there to celebrate that Jonathan had written Amnesty International’s 40th Anniversary book. This happy event for “righting wrongs and writing songs” gave me an opportunity to meet Paul and tell him about TFF and get straight to the matter: would he consider making a donation in support of our work for peace? While I was probably the only one with such a wish that day, I was certainly not the only one who wanted to shake hands and talk with him. In the last minutes before Paul was to leave, Jonathan brought us together and we got about three...
Read More
Imagen-thumbnail-The-Transnational-1
“En dag som berättigar till fest”, utropade den London-baserade al-Quds al-Arabi efter FN:s eldupphörresolution, “eftersom detta är första gången som Israel accepterar ett FN-beslut från en position som besegrad och inte som segrare”. Att ett arabisk-israeliskt krig för en gångs skull slutat med arabisk seger, är en helt dominerade åsikt i arabiska medier. Al-Quds al-Arabi tillåter sig att drömma om att det israeliska nederlaget skall leda till massflykt från Israel. Men i nästa andetag påminner tidningen om att Israel aldrig brukar genomföra sina internationella åtaganden och varnar för att förlorarna, liksom tidigare, kan hämnas genom att provocera fram inbördeskrig i Libanon. Med tanke på de otaliga massmediala vittnesmålen om det libanesiska folkets eniga motståndskraft förefaller risken för inre stridigheter i det sargade landet just nu liten. Men visst kan man urskilja nyansskillnader i libanesiska tidningar. Vänsterorganet al-Safir uppfattar FN-resolutionen som en komplott i syfte att rädda Israel från ännu större...
Greenland – the world’s largest island, a continent of its own with only 57.000 inhabitants. I visited it for the first time in May 2005. I flew across the inland ice to Nuuk, the tiny capital with some 14.000 inhabitants. I was overwhelmed by the pride and kindness of everyone I met as well as by the unique natural beauty. Unfortunately, due to weather conditions during my ten-day stay I could get nowhere else but Nuuk. Fortunately, however, among those I met was Gitte Arvegaard, a Danish lawyer and negotiator employed by the local government, Greenland Home Rule. She turned out to be an enthusiastic photographer with a lot of pictures taken during various trips around Greenland. So this Greeland series is the result of our cooperative effort. We both hope you enjoy it and are stimulated to visit Greenland – about which you may read more here. Finally, if you want to...
p_mccartney_poem
 Jan Oberg’s storyof how he met Sir Paul Liverpool – where else to meet Paul McCartney? Paul’s old class mate and TFF Associate, Jonathan Power introduced me to Paul McCartney in Liverpool at an informal reception. It was held at what used to be their school, now the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts and we were there to celebrate that Jonathan had written Amnesty International’s 40th Anniversary book. This happy event for “righting wrongs and writing songs” gave me an opportunity to meet Paul and tell him about TFF and get straight to the matter: would he consider making a donation in support of our work for peace? While I was probably the only one with such a wish that day, I was certainly not the only one who wanted to shake hands and talk with him. In the last minutes before Paul was to leave, Jonathan brought us together and we got about three...
Logo-Transnational
1942James Paul McCartney is born in Liverpool on June 18th. 1956Paul writes his first song, I Lost My Little Girl. 1957Paul meets John Lennon at St. Peter’s Church Fete, Woolton, Liverpool. He joins his first group, The Quarrymen and performs in his first gig at The New Clubmoor Hall, Liverpool, on October 18th. 1960Formation of The Beatles, who play residencies in Hamburg and at The Cavern in Liverpool. 1961First Beatles recordings issued in Germany, as the backing group for Tony Sheridan. 1962The first Beatles Parlophone recording, Love Me Do, reaches number 17 in the British charts. 1963The birth of Beatlemania. Please Please Me gives the group their first British Number 1. She Loves You cements their success. Please Please Me and With The Beatles albums released. 1964First triumphant American tour. The Beatles perform at the Royal Command Performance and release their first film, A Hard Day’s Night. Their single I...
Logo-Transnational
  Back to the series “Bujumbura, Burundi”
By JONATHAN POWER August 16, 2000 LONDON – Remember the summer of ’98? In the sweltering, torpid heat of a Roman august, charged with exhaust fumes, the international community gave its overwhelming approval to the establishment of an International Criminal Court that will enable those accused of “crimes against humanity” to be tried and, if convicted, sentenced. Only seven nations opposed or abstained from the motion, including Israel, China, India and the U.S.A. where the Pentagon had successfully waged bureaucratic guerrilla war to undermine the initially sympathetic stance of President Bill Clinton. Two years on we can now see what an epochal event that was. In a the stroke of 120 pens it changed the climate on political thuggery. After numerous half-starts and false starts ever since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials that convicted the war criminals of the Second World War, the world at last had agreed en masse a common...