Ohrid-sjön, jaktplan och Albaniens berg

Från en balkong i Makedonien ser fredsforskaren Jan Øberg ut över Ohridsjön och Albaniens berg och reflekterar över situationen i dag på Balkan.

Sitter på min balkong med utsikt över Ohridsjön i Makedonien, lika stor som vacker. Silvriga vågor rullar i oändlighet in mot kusten under de svarta granarnas silhuetter.

Många kilometer borta, där på andra sidan, finns Albanien, vars berg ligger blåröda och självlysande under molnen. Långt uppe ser jag en vit röksvans från ett jaktplan. Vems kan det vara, över Albanien, på väg vart någonstans?

Jag är på konferens om säkerhet och demokrati på Balkan arrangerat av Partnerskap för fred (NATO) och Skopje-universitetets Institut för Försvarsstudier.

Några timmars bilfärd härifrån mot norr ligger Kosovo. Man håller lokalval, som ska ge intryck av att provinsen är på väg mot demokrati. Makedonien själv har betalat dyrt för västs sanktioner mot Serbien, och förra året övertog NATO i praktiken landet och gjorde det till bas för sina bombföretag och därmed till flyktingläger för de närmare 400.000, som flydde undan kriget hit ned till Makedonien.

Jaktplanet stiger upp mot solen, röksvansen börjar upplösas. Vad behöver folken här på Balkan NATO och jaktplan till? Hur ska man betala för “säkerheten” och “stabiliteten”?

Det diskuterar man på konferensen. Experter presenterar sina mantra: “demokrati, civilsamhälle, marknaden, stabilitet, fredsbevarande, fredsstödjande aktioner, liberal-demokratiska samhällen, privatisering” och, och…allt det goda vi önskar de får i regionen.

Många lokala balkanska intellektuella har lärt dessa mantra. EU:s, Soros’, Världsbankens, amerikanska stiftelsers och NATO:s seminarier har haft sin verkan under det förflutna decenniet. Nu sägs dessa ord med samma monotona idélöshet som man för inte alls så länge sedan använde ord som, “klasskamp, marxism-leninism, profitkvot och världsrevolution…Istället for “revolution” heter det nu “transition”, istället för “socialismens slutliga seger” har vi nu “globalisering.”

Dagens partiskola, den ideologiska dressyren av människor och samhällen som anses stå lägre, utgörs av en evig ström av EU- och NATO- seminarier där man låter de hoppfulla nyfrälsta träna alla dessa ord som om de själva hittat på dem. Är de duktiga, lydiga elever kanske deras länder kan bli en del av vårt Europa och bli NATO-medlemmar. Kanske. Någon gång i framtiden.

Det är den politiskt korrekta framställningen det gäller, den måste passera den tysta kontrollen som också sitter i konferenslokalen: representanter för de västlig donatorer, som noterar vad yngre studenter, NGO-folk och politiker säger och med vilken övertygelse. Även Makedoniens president svarar korrekt på frågor, han ger nämligen i stort samma svar på alla frågor i stil med “vi respekterar folkens självbestämmande.”

Ingen frågar vad ord som demokrati, säkerhet, fred etc. betyder – i allmänhet och just här på Balkan. Det kunde uppfattas som en tvekan inför den rätta läran. Även den fysiska omgivningen är arrangerad på gott gammalt kommunistiskt manér, vi sitter vid långa bord och lyssnar på uppläsning av – politisk korrekta – manus.

Jaktplanet har försvunnit i aftonsolen. Jag ser 7 svarta svanar passera lågt över vattenytan. Så mycket vackrare och ingen röksvansar där inte.

Engång i tiden var Moskva trosmässigt centrum för Östeuropa: partiet, den enda sanningen, den enda tron, kontrollcenter och disciplinering nedåt i blocken. Nu heter centrum Washington, då och då i kombination med Bryssel. Den vertikala strukturen och disciplineringen är identisk: “Ni ska inte tro att ni fritt kan söka er egen framtid, för den har vi planerat så bra för er och ni ska inte heller tro att det är er uppfattning om demokrati eller era ekonomiska behov som räknas – frälsningen kommer till er när ni gör som vi säger. Annars, tyvärr, blir det inga Världsbankslån, ni kommer att stå utanför “Europa‰. Ni måste lära att demokrati betyder att ni inte har något val, för det finns numera bara en enda ekonomi, en enda uppfattning om vad människorättigheter är, ett enda sätt att lösa konflikter på. Ni har problemen – kommunism och krig – vi har lösningen.”

Solen har blivit en eldkula bakom Balkans svarta berg. Hur mycket ekonomisk chockterapi ska människorna här genomlida innan de blir en lydig och civiliserad del av Imperiet? Har de överhuvudtaget någon valfrihet? Och över vilka länder kommer planen att jaga och bomba i morgen? I Kosovo finns nu 40.000 soldater, också svenska, med tung beväpning; hur skulle barnen där kunna få någon annan uppfattning än att de enda som verkligen kan lösa problem är folk i uniform och stövlar, i jeeps, tanks och pansrade manskapsvagnar?

Det blev ickevåldet som i Belgrad åstadkom vad vare sig bomber, demonisering eller sanktioner hade lyckats med – att bli av med en auktoritär, korrumperad regim. Jag gläds över det, lika mycket som jag fruktar att Jugoslavien inte kommer att få ett reellt humanitärt stöd ifrån väst. För president Kostunica kommer aldrig att lyda order ifrån väst. Men vad har han för val då? Väst kommer snart att satsa på andra typer i Belgrad.

Ohrid-sjön – här andas fred just nu. Om sjöar och berg kunde tänka, vad skulle de tänka om människans och hennes eviga, febrila maktspel? De stora äter de små, som fisken i sjön. Vad är det som gått så snett sedan det kalla krigets slut – också i Sverige som nu hellre är med de stora än står samman med de små?

I morgon är det åter en dag – och det finns ett par unga studenter som inte har tänkt säga de rätta orden. Och kvinnor som bara gör och säger saker på sitt eget sätt, utan disciplinering och “liberaldemokratisk” självcensur.

Mycket annat finns det knappast att hoppas på. Natthimlen över Ohrid är kolsvart.

Ohrid, Makedonien i oktober

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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