Konfliktlösning, inte krig, med Irak

Krig avvärjs av idéer som är bättre än krig, skriver fredsforskaren Jan Øberg.

Krig presenteras som den enda lösningen på konflikten med Irak. FN:s säkerhetsråds resolution 1441 minskar inte risken för att USA i februari eller januari nästa år – med eller utan FN:s godkännande – angriper, besätter och kontrollerar Irak.

Men krig ger inga hållbara lösningar. För detta finns bevis från Kroatien, Bosnien, Kosovo, Makedonien, Somalia och Afghanistan. Efter krigen här finns de underliggande konflikterna kvar. De krigförande parterna har inte rört sig en tum mot försoning eller mot gemensamma visioner för framtiden.

Det kan finnas extrema situationer då våld måste tillgripas, som när man griper ett barn hårt i armen när det håller på att springa rakt ut i trafiken. Men internationellt måste vi lära oss att skilja mellan krig och konfliktlösning, mellan våld och äkta fredssträvanden.

USA vägrar att förhandla eller använda politiska medel. EU, med Danmark som ordförandeland, har ingen politik, då det gäller Irak. Vi saknar förstahandskunskaper. Danmark har inte ens en ambassad i Bagdad. Det finns ingen gemensam utrikes- eller säkerhetspolitik i EU.

Ska vi européer bara vänta på att få bli åskådare till Bush-regimens krig, som får långtgående konsekvenser också för Europa?

Om EU vill vara något annat än en skam för Europa måste organisationen ta medlingsinitiativ i konflikten mellan Irak och USA. Här följer tio konstruktiva förslag:

1. EU bör snarast fastlägga en progressiv utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik gentemot Irak och dess folk, inte bara mot Saddam Hussein. Sanktionspolitiken, som bara USA önskar, är ett folkmord på Iraks befolkning. Tolv års sanktioner har medfört förstörelse av det irakiska civila samhället och av landets välfärd. Det är hög tid att göra något nytt.

2. EU måste insamla kunskaper genom oavhängiga experters och mediers besök i Irak. EU-länderna måste ge ekonomiskt stöd på många nivåer, till fackföreningar, forskare, läkare, lärare, folkliga rörelser, kvinnoorganisationer, präster, social- och kulturarbetare. Vi måste lära känna varandra som människor.

3. Näringslivet uppmuntras till handel och investeringar i Irak. Det finns gigantiska möjligheter och det ligger i Europas intresse att USA inte sätter sig på allt.

4. Ambassader återöppnas snarast och bemannas med de bästa, mest självständiga och kreativa diplomater som EU har.

5. EU måste ställa egna krav på Irak, som villkor för att senare överge de USA-styrda sanktionerna och även öppna diplomatiska, ekonomiska och kulturella förbindelser med landet. Irak ska naturligtvis avrusta eventuella massförstörelsevapen, men inte som hittills förödmjukas kulturellt och politiskt.

6. En medlar- och kontaktgrupp bör upprättas, gärna tillsammans med Ryssland, Kina och andra, som vill arbeta för att förhindra krig och påbörja mödosamma förhandlingar för användbara lösningar.

7. Initiativ måste tas till en regional konferens med europeiska OSSE som förebild. Konferensen bör försöka koppla samman det irakiska problemet med Mellanösternfrågan generellt och alltså också omfatta Israel-Palestina-problemet. Alla berörda länder i regionen ska inbjudas.

8. En ny säkerhetsordning för regionen måste utvecklas. En sådan siktar in sig på en mycket lägre rustningsnivå genom att skapa alternativ militär säkerhet, icke-våldsförsvar, försoning, demokratisering och fred i hela området. Alla EU-länder bör avbryta all vapenexport till alla länder, också till Israel, och driva igenom att hela Mellanöstern, inklusive Israel, blir en zon fri från massförstörelsevapen, så som FN:s säkerhetsråd har beslutat för länge sedan i resolution 687.

9. EU bör informera FN om allt man gör – men inte avskräckas om Bush-regimen har en annan mening.

10. Men vad ska vi göra med Saddam Hussein? Frågan är fel ställd! Vi i väst ska inte göra något alls. Varje hot mot Saddam försvårar det samarbete som är nödvändigt för medling. Samtidigt bidrar hoten till att irakiernas uppslutning bakom Saddam ökar. Det är min erfarenhet från ett besök i landet att inte heller de som är kritiska mot Saddam under några omständigheter vill ha en regim installerad av USA eller av irakier i utlandet.

Om det irakiska folket inte önskar Saddam som president är det upp till folket självt att agera. Vi kan på sin höjd viska i örat att den enda metod som är framkomlig och som följs av demokrati är icke-våldets. Denna användes i Sovjet, i Polen och Tjeckoslovakien, vidare när det gäller Shahen av Iran, Pinochet i Chile, Marcos i Filippinerna och Milosevic i Jugoslavien. Användandet av vapenmakt medför inga lösningar – varken på svåra politiska problem eller auktoritära ledare!

Det räcker inte att vara mot krig eller för en fredsrörelse.

Krig avvärjs av idéer som är bättre än krig. Egentligen borde det inte vara så svårt eftersom krig är en dålig idé.

Varför diskuteras inte ovanstående i och för sig banala förslag internationellt eller i Sverige, i riksdagen?

De som vill ha krig önskar inte en annan debatt om Irak. Men vi andra?

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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