Platon som politisk dynamit

Flera författare har frammanat bilder av Jesu återvändande till vår jord och brukar då berätta hur illa han råkade ut, och ett antal goda vitsar föreställer sig kända politiker i samma predikament. Hur skulle det då gå för en filosof?

“Platons tilbakekomst” är ett försök av journalisten och författaren Zeljko Vukovic att ge oss en bild av det. Vukovic är väl kvalificerad: som journalist ställde han så många opassande frågor att samtliga grupper i Bosnien blev arga på honom och han tvangs fly till Norge. Flera av hans böcker sedan “Mordet på Sarajevo” (1993) har översatts från serbiska till norska och andra språk.

Boken låter Platon dyka upp på ett antal olika platser för att komma i samtal med folk: hos Vita Husets säkerhetsvakt och en saxofonspelande president, i en park med en tysk gymnasial punktjej, i en berömd fransk vänsterfilosofs parisvåning, hemma hos en arabisk arbetare i Marseilles och i en tysk lastbil till chaufförens förundran, och slutligen tillbaka hos presidenten. Överallt gör han samma till synes absurda sak: han försöker inleda samtal med personerna om hur rättfärdighet och nytta kan definieras i diskussioner om stormaktspolitik, om invandring och religion, om rikedom och fattigdom, om statskonst, o.s.v.

De personer han talar med ser olika på den gamle mannen i en sliten mantel: kanske är han en agent för ett fientligt läger, kanske en galning, kanske bara litet gaggig. En del av dem styrks i sin respektive tro genom hans samtalsförsök, andra går faktiskt in i ett samtal och blir klokare.

Uppenbarligen har Vukovic läst sin Platon, med preferens för den unge Platon som mera ägnar sig åt sokratisk maieutik än systembyggande, men det ar inte filosofihistoria eller en diskussion av Platon-tolkningar han serverar oss utan just fiktion.

Det till synes absurda ligger i att Platon just försöker föra samtal, dialog, alltså något där båda parter frågar, lyssnar och svarar – det Habermas skulle kalla maktfri kommunikation. Med makthavare, som presidenten och den uppburne franske filosofen (“kändis” vore kanske en bättre översättning av det franska ordet “philosophe”) går det inte alls: de har fastlåsta meningar och är inte intresserade av att samtala, bara av att övertala. När Platon t.ex. frågar om krig och andra onda handlingar kan vara rattfärdiga förklarar de bara överlägset att det här är för komplicerat att första för en gamling som är okunnig om moderna tider – och när han fortsätter att frågar blir de helt övertygade om att han är agent for någon motståndare med skumma syften.

Litet bättre går det med de arabiska och tyska arbetarna, vilka har högst motsatta synpunkter på invandring, kristendom och islam, men faktiskt tänker efter när Platon ställer frågor och kommer fram till nya synpunkter på åtminstone en del ting. Och allra bäst går det med den arabiske gossen, som klarar av ett geometriskt problem efter klassisk sokratisk handledning, och med den antiauktoritära punktjejen som kommer till insikt om att en del av hennes egna uppfattningar kan vara auktoritära.

Det finns många bottnar i “Platons tilbakekomst”. Vukovic kommer inte med synliga pekpinnar och utrustar heller inte Platon med sådana: de dialoger han lyckas få i gång slutar mera med öppna frågor än färdiga svar. Där pekpinnar kan skymtas ligger de mera i den sensmoral läsaren inviteras att dra: att makthavare blir lika egobeskyddande och fastlåsta, oavsett om deras makt är politisk eller opinionsbildande och oavsett vilken politisk kant de hör hemma i. Det ar också för dem som Platons frågor blir mest av politiskt sprängstoff, som de försöker desarmera genom ett eller annat slags personangrepp: han ar okunnig, föråldrad, galen eller fiendeagent när hans “naiva” frågor visar att de inte har några kläder. De som tillhör de underlydande snarare än de härskande avbildas – dock utan skönmålning – som mera öppna för genuin dialog, och de allra yngsta också allra mest.

Vukovic är nu ingalunda populist: hans Platon ifrågasätter om en majoritetsuppfattning behöver vara sann, välinformerad eller rättfärdig (och blir därför beskylld för att “inte vara demokrat” av dem som själva gör sitt bästa för att manipulera tankarna hos denna majoritet). Han går för den delen svårligen att sätta i bås: han gör varken stora åthävor över sin beläsenhet eller sitt djupsinne, och predikar inte; men han skriver med stor humor och ett välutvecklat sinne för det absurda.

“Platons tilbakekomst” är både underhållande och tankeväckande och skulle väl förtjäna att bli översatt även till svenska.

Håkan Wiberg

Zeljko Vukovic

Platons tilbakekomst

abstrakt forlag, Oslo 2003.

ISBN82-7935-135-3

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