Kalejdoskop 60 - Konflikthåndtering - den ny kolde krig

Det internationale såkaldte “samfund” er tilstede som fredsskabere i snart sagt hver eneste konflikt og krig med sine diplomater, soldater, genopbygningshjælp, monitorer, jurister, ambassadører, fredsbevarere, mæglere, politi, eksperter, forhandlere og med agenter, satelliter, hangarfartøjer og kampfly på alert.

Fredsforstyrrende fraktioner skal bringes til det berømte forhandlingsbord omkring hvilket de under det internationale samfunds pres skal sige ja til fredsplaner,

Den generelle, tidstypiske mediedækning af politiske konflikter og krige befæster mere eller mindre bevidst to dybt misvisende, men funktionelle, opfattelser.

(A) Konflikter handler om gode versus mindre gode aktører og konfliktløsning er følgelig et spørgsmål om at straffe de onde og belønne de gode, ofrene.

(B) Verden er opdelt i to parter, ja der er to verdener:

På den ene side er der “fredsforstyrrerne” – slyngelstater, hitleristiske diktatorer, forfejlede stater, primitive og onde aktører, terrorister, folk der ikke forstår andet end store bogstaver og bomber – kriminelle, der ikke efterlever folkeretten, har tilranet sig for megen magt og for mange våben og excellerer i folkemord og etnisk rensning. Det er “de andre” sydpå, langtvæk, “balkaniserede.” De står så lavt at alle kan have en mening om dem uden at vide noget om dem. De kriges fordi de synes det er morsomt.

På den anden side er der “fredsskaberne.” Det er os selv, civiliserede lande som de skandinaviske, EU, USA, NATO, OSCE, FNs Sikkerhedråd, Verdensbanken, humanitære organisationer. De arbejder med fredspolitiske projekter som EU og fredsfremkaldende militær som NATO. Drevet af ønsket om at fremme verdensfreden hævder de universelle principper og føler sig nærmest konstant moralskt forpligtet til at bekæmpe den vold “de andre” så bestialskt benytter sig af.

De intervenerer på verdensfredens og verdenssamfundets vegne. De lider for freden. De er ikke og har aldrig været medvirkende eller medansvarlige for underliggende konflikter såsom grænseændringer, social nød, uretfærdige handelsforhold. De har aldrig holdt undertrykkende regimer under armene. De savner enhver strategisk, militær, resourcemæssig eller økonomisk interesse i disse konfliktområder – hvilket jo også ville forhindre dem i at optræde upartiskt, som mæglere.

Højere moralske, folkeretlige principper og menneskerettigheder eller kampen mod barbariet er deres indiskutable styrke som “conflict managers.” Verdens “fredsforstyrrer” tvinger dem til at være en slags politi, dommere og fredsmæglere. Og så koster det en forfærdelig masse penge.

Sådan ser den nye kolde krig ud, skiftende aktører og scener, ikke faste blokke som førhen. Der er – igen – to lejre. Os og dem. Gode og onde. Fredsskabere og voldsmænd. Løsningen og problemet. De renfærdige og de skyldige.

Denne nye kolde krig blev rammende sammenfattet af CNN:s reporter fra Kosovo 19. januar á la Messias og de syndige: “Det internationale samfund kæmper for at bringe fred til Kosovo, mens parterne fortsætter deres kamp.”

Den nye udgave af den kolde krig forudsætter at der er to spørgsmål som aldrig stilles: Hvis de er ude i fredens ærinde, gør det internationale “samfund” det så godt i sin selvpåtagne rolle som fredsskaber og mægler? Og mindre venligt: Tjener fredsskaberiet i virkeligheden nogle mindre fredelige formål?

Følgespørgsmål: Er det internationale samfund altid helt uden medskyld i de opståede konflikter? Er og kan dets diplomater altid være objektive, retfærdige, upartiske og fremme kun de højere idealer? Er det kun konfliktparternes skyld, når aftaler brydes og massakrer begås eller sker den slagsogså fordi aftalerne – medierede af det international samfunds mange og med hinanden konkurrerende organisationer, lande og diplomater – er resultatet af vaksalveri? Fordi parterne føler sig umyndiggjorte?

Sæt nu at vi et øjeblik tror på – myten om – at USA, NATO, OSCE, EU-landene engagerer sig i brændpunkter med den udelukkende ædle hensigt at mægle og skabe fred, er deres mænd på stedet så professionelle fredsmæglere og forhandlere? Har de den rette uddannelse, den forn¿dne træning og erfaring – som f.eks. professionelle jurister eller læger forventes have – på deres specialområder såsom konfliktanalyse, problemdefinering, kulturforståelse, konfliktpsykologi, indlevelse, forhandling, forsoning, genopbygningsprocesser? Ved de tilstrækkeligt om hvordan man taler man med mennesker i dybt eksistentielle krisesituationer? Hvordan man bygger tillid med folk, man ikke kan lide, men dog skal opnå noget i fællesskab med? Kender de forskel på diktat og dialog? Og hvilke kriterier findes for at skelne mellem en god versus en dårlig fredsplan eller våbenhvileaftale?

Kosovo, Jugoslavien i januar 1999. Hvorfor mon det er gået så helvedes dårligt med ambassadør Holbrookes og præsident Milosevic “freds- og våbenhvileaftale” fra oktober sidste år? Vi kan blive ved med at sige at det snart er serbernes snart kosovo-albanernes skyld. Det er stik hamrende irrelevant for problemets løsning!

Gad vide hvor længe intellektuelle og journalister kan undgå at stille det indlysende spørgsmål: Falder det hele mon sammen, fordi det internationale samfund forsømte at gøre noget de sidste ti år, bevidst ventede til det var så akut at NATO kunne kaldes ind som “sidste udvej”? Fordi de “dirty deals,” der er slået af med parterne intet har med fred at gøre? Fordi folk i branchen ikke kender forskel på at angribe problemer og angribe mennesker? Fordi diplomaterne Holbrooke, Hill og Walker (alle tilfældigvis fra USA) selv hvis de var gode fredseksperter ville forslå som tre skræddere i et helvede? Fordi det fredsskabende internationale samfund savner kompleks analyse og har solgt styrtende mængder af våben til alle parter i årevis? Fordi vi internationalt savner tilstrækkeligt med ressourcer, professionelle folk, organisation, koordinering samt en filosofi og metode for netop konflikhåndtering?

Kosovo i januar 1999. Patienten er ved at dø på operationsbordet men husk: Du må aldrig spørge om lægerne, der uden uddannelse og derfor uden diagnose påtog sig at operere gjorde det rigtige. Det er patienternes egen skyld at de dør under operationen. De fortjente vel at dø alligevel.

De tillhør ju “de andre”.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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